Complications of Nephrotic syndrome

The clinical symptoms of Nephrotic syndrome mainly are a lot of proteinuria(TUPr>3.5g), serum albumin <30g/L，Hyperlipidaemia(mainly featured by swelling). The complications of Nephrotic syndrome are divided into primary and secondary, immunologic (al) disease (like systemic lupus erythematosus), Diabetes, circulation system disease, medicine poisoning and other reasons that can lead to the occurrence of the secondary Nephrotic syndrome.

Complications of Nephrotic syndrome:

1) Infection: A lot of immune globulins are lost in the urine, which leads to plasma protein decrease, affect the formation of anti-body. The reason why patient’s immunity decrease is that the usage of adrenocortical hormone and cytotoxic agents, which is very easy to cause the infections, like skin infection, primary peritonitis, respiratory infection, urinary infection, even lead to Ichorrhemia.

2) Coronary Disease:

Patients with Nephrotic syndrome always accompany with hyperlipidaemia and hypercoagulability, which is very easy to cause Coronary Disease. Some reports show that the occurrence of myocardial infarction for Nephrotic syndrome patients is 8 times than that of the normal people. Coronary Disease has become the third factor to cause the death of Nephrotic syndrome patients. (Next to infection and Renal Failure).

3) The formation of thrombosis

Patients with Nephrotic syndrome are very easy to occur thrombosis, especially for patients with Membranous Nephropathy, the occurrence rate is reach to 25%-40%. There are many reasons that can form the thrombosis, such as swelling, less movement, hyperlipidemia, etc.

4) Acute Renal Faiure: Patients have a lot of proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hyperlipidaemia, so their body in the state of Hypovolemia and hypercoagulability. Vomiting, diarrhea, anti-hypertension medicines and diuretic medicines will reduce the blood perfusion, lead to the glomerular filtration rate decrease, which gives rise to the Renal Failure. In addition, cast which is formed by the protein concentration will block the renal tubules, also can give rise to Acute Renal Failure.


5) Electrolyte disturbance: use diuretic medicines for a long time or limit the salt intake improperly, which will secondary to hyponatremia; if patients use adrenocortical hormone and diuretic medicines with a big dose, patients are easy to present hypokalemia when they can’t replenish potassium in time