Nephrotic Syndrome:Causes,Symptoms,Complications,Treatment

Nephrotic Syndrome is not a single disease, but a set of symptoms related to kidney dysfunction including massive loss of protein in urine, low blood protein levels, high blood cholesterols and swelling.

Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome

Nephrotic Syndrome is caused by immune abnormality or disorder. Our human body has a powerful immune system to prevent the foreign microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses from invading into body. However, in some cases, the immune system is activated improperly in response to antigens that may not have potential to cause disease. When antibodies encounter and bind to antigens in blood, they form very immune complexes. Afterwards, these immune complexes will flow into kidneys and deposit in the glomeruli. The body will start an inflammatory response to try to remove them. Finally, the inflammation can impair the function of glomeruli. As a result, the permeability of the glomerular filtration membrane improves and a lot of protein will be filtered out into urine. In clinic, the persons are diagnosed with Nephrotic Syndrome.

Symptoms of Nephrotic Syndrome

* Swelling: It is a major symptom in Nephroitc Syndrome and especially occurs around the eyes, faces and ankles. In severe case, the persons with Nephrotic Syndrome may experience swelling in belly area.

* Foamy urine: It is caused by the protein loss in urine.

* Weight gain: It is due to the retention of fluid in body.

* High blood pressure: It affects both young and old persons with Nephrotic Syndrome.

Complications of Nephrotic Syndrome

* Infection: The persons with Nephrotic Syndrome have a high risk of developing infection.

* Chronic Renal Failure: Nephrotic Syndrome may cause the kidney function decline gradually over time.

* Acute Renal Failure: If the glomeruli are impaired seriously, a mass of wastes products will build up quickly in blood resulting renal function to decline at a fast speed.

* Malnutrition: Proteins are the main sources supplying energy for the body. As a mass of protein loss in urine can result in malnutrition.

* Blood clots: The proteins in blood can help prevent clotting. Therefore, the loss of blood proteins can increase the chance of developing blood clots in the veins.

Treatment of Nephrotic Syndrome

Nephrotic Syndrome is a complex immunological disease affecting glomeruli. The conventional therapies mainly focus on the symptoms of the disease. The experience shows that the conventional along is not enough to treat Nephrotic Syndrome effectively. Clinical practices prove that immunotherapy can help the disease more effectively.

Immunotherapy is a great achievement medical field and brings new hope to the persons with intractable disease. As for the treatment of Nephrotic Syndrome, it aims at eliminating symptoms from its underlying causes. Immunotherapy can suppress the abnormal immune response, block the formation of immune complexes as wells as clear up the immune complexes deposited in blood and glomeruli. In this way, it can inhibit further damage to kidneys effectively.

Moreover, immunotherapy can restore the impaired renal tissues and correct the immune disorder as well as help rebuild immunity system. Therefore, it can make the persons with Nephrotic Syndrome avoid the relapse of the disease.


Immunotherapy is a breakthrough in the field of Kidney Disease treatment and makes it possible for the persons to avoid dialysis or kidney transplant.