The Instant Complications of Hemodialysis

During or several hours after the hemodialysis, there may be various instant complications caused by hemodialysis. They mainly include the following aspects:

1, dialysis disequilibrium syndrome: this complication usually appears to patients with the obvious symptoms of uremia, such as high urea nitrogen and high creatinine. And it is more common at the first time of hemodiaysis and during the dialysis induce phase. The main cause of this complication is that urea nitrogen and other harmful substance after dialysis is unbalance in the blood and brain tissues. What’s more, the imbalance of PH value will cause the encephaledema and cerebral anoxia. The main symptoms of this complication include: headache during or after the dialysis, feeble, lassitude, nausea, increase of blood pressure, sleep-disorder. If it is serious, patients may have the symptoms of psychological problem, epileptiform seizure, coma or even death.

2, hypotension: this is one of the most common complications of hemodialysis. This may caused by the following aspects: decrease of effective blood volume, too fast ultrafiltration, autonomic neuropathy, decline of vasoconstriction, high level of atrial natriuretic facor and hypotensor. The main symptoms of this complication include: dizzy, choking sensation in chest, pale, sweating, amaurosis, nausea, muscle spasm and loss of consciousness. As for this complication, patients should replenish blood volume, slow down the blood flow and decrease or stop ultrafiltration.

3, hyoxemia: this complication usually appears to acetate dialysis, and this is related to the metabolism of acetate in the body and the decrease of CO₂ in the blood. The poor biocompatibility of dialysis membrane may cause the aggregation of the pulmonary capillary white blood cells and affect the ventilation function, which also is an important reason for this complication. As for this complication, patients should adopt nasal catheter oxygen.


4, arrhythmia: this usually caused by hypokalemia, which is caused by repeated using low potassium or non-potassium dislysate. Besides, the hyperkalemia occurring during the hemolysis may induce arrhythmia, but this case is rather rare. When patients have this symptom, they can adopt the medicine which can control the arrhythmia, while patients should pay attention to adjust the dose according to the illness condition.