Causes of Bilateral Polycystic Kidney Disease

Polycystic Kidney Disease is a kind of hereditary Kidney Disease with great damage, and frequently related to bilateral kidneys. Besides hereditary factors, there are still some other factors that can cause Polycystic Kidney Disease.
Epithelial cells of renal tubule and cells on cyst wall can be changed by cyst gene, which can cause the following results:

Ⅰ. Cyst gene can affect Na-K-ATPase of tubule epithelial cells, which can increase inner fluid of renal tubule and make cells on cyst wall secrete fluid.
Ⅱ. Epithelial cells of renal tubule proliferate continuously, forming polypoid lesion which can cause renal tubule obstruction, and the obstruction can lead to fluid retention which can bulge tubule, and then cysts form.

Ⅲ. Infections and toxin can act on renal tubule, which can activate cyst gene and change tubule cells metabolism, or even cause epithelial cells apoptosis. Apoptosis cells can also lead to obstruction after they slough off.

Ⅳ.Epithelial cells can secrete series of bioactive substances which can increase cyst fluid secretion.

Ⅴ. Cyst gene can lead to abnormal Extracellular Matrix and change the condition of basement membrane and tubule wall, which can provide a favorable environment for cyst growth.

Micro-Chinese Medicine is a distinctive Chinese Medicine Treatment, which can treat the disease from its primary cause, namely Renal Fibrosis. It mainly treats this disease by the following methods.

Firstly, Micro-Chinese Medicine takes the medication way of micronized Chinese Medicine combined with external osmosis on renal area. Smashing and decoction are adopted in the process of Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment. While our hospital takes high-technology to micronize medicine into more refined powder.
Through this method, medicine can be absorbed easily. Besides, active substances of Chinese Medicine can be sent into renal lesion directly by the method of external osmosis on renal area, which can get a higher medicine utilization rate.


Secondly, mainly depending on Micro-Chinese Medicine and puting Western Medicine in a supportive role is the treatment principle that our hospital insists. As for PKD patients who suffer from Hypertension and Anemia, they need take Western Medicine to control their symptoms in order to make Micro-Chinese Medicine play a more effective role in recovering renal inherent cells and inhibiting secretion of cyst fluid.

Routine Treatment of Polycystic Kidney Disease

Polycystic Kidney Disease is a kind of terrible hereditary disease. It causes damage to renal parenchyma, and then renal function abnormality happens. When kidney lost their function of eliminating body wastes, Uremia which is a threat to human life appears due to toxin accumulation in human body.

Many treatments can be used to treat Polycystic Kidney Disease. Among these treatment methods, Western Medicine treatment is an adjutant treatment of operation. As for Western Medicine Treatment, it usually treats the disease starting with treating symptoms. For example, relevant antibiotics are used to deal with Haematuria and complicated infection; hypotensor is taken to reduce High Blood Pressure and related medicines are used to decrease creatinine and urea nitrogen.

Some routine treatments of Polycystic Kidney Disease can be listed as follows:
Firstly, dialysis and Kidney Transplantation. Dialysis, especially Hemodialysis, should be taken timely if illness condition develops into End Stage Renal Failure. Surviving rate of Kidney Transplantation is some equal to other operation, but due to complicated disease, problem of post-operation can be difficult to solve, which can affect operative effect.

Secondly, operation. Operation is a normal treatment of Polycystic Kidney Disease, with the purpose of removing big cysts by surgical operation. With big cysts being removed, more space is left for smaller cysts. When smaller cysts grow up, they can compress kidney again. This treatment method can not recover Polycystic Kidney Disease. What’s more, it brings new injury to patients’ body and spirit. Symptoms of most PKD patients appear again about 6 months after operation, and illness condition can be worse than before with rapid aggravated renal function.

Thirdly, infections that happen to renal parenchyma and inner cyst are main complications of PKD, and combined complication of antibiotic is used to deal with them.


Fourthly, treating High Blood Pressure. Activation of renal ischemia and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is main reason of High Blood Pressure, and hypotensor is taken on this basis.

Treatment for Childhood Polycystic Kidney Disease

Childhood Polycystic Kidney is a kind of children’s hereditary nephropathy. In the past, Childhood Polycystic Kidney patients generally couldn’t survive to adulthood because there is no effective treatment. And many pregnant women terminate pregnancy helplessly if fetus is diagnosed as Childhood Polycystic Kidney patient. Also some pregnant women terminate pregnancy without any hesitation after knowing that they are suffering from Polycystic Kidney Disease, due to heredity of Polycystic Kidney.

General treatment method for Childhood Polycystic Kidney is Puncture operation of Western Medicine. But illness condition is easy to relapse with series of complications after this operation. What's more, it can’t treat disease fundamentally, only treating symptoms instead of disease.

Shijiazhuang Kidney Disease Hospital developed Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy after many years of clinical practice and research. The treatment mechanism is that the progress of kidney fibrosis is blocked by dilating blood vessels, anti-inflammation, anticoagulation, anti-viscosity, degrading fibrosis material and so on. Through this way, impaired renal inherent cells and function can be repaired, and renal structure can be recovered.


The treatment method of Micro Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy in Shijiazhuang Kidney Disease Hospital is promoting blood circulation on cyst wall and improving permeability of cyst wall qualitatively, in order to make sac liquid be reabsorb and reduced continuously, even no longer secrete. Cysts shrink accordingly until to smallest condition with cystic internal pressure reducing, which completely removes cysts’ oppression on normal tissues surrounding kidney. In this way, renal function recovers gradually and symptoms are relieved thoroughly.

Complications of Polycystic Kidney Disease

Bleeding may happen to internal cysts of Polycystic Kidney Disease patients, and patients may feel grievous painful if bleeding happens in a sudden. Bleeding may be caused by complicated cancer on cyst wall. Therefore, besides treating Polycystic Kidney Disease actively, taking proper and timely treatment to cure complications is also important. Main complications of Polycystic Kidney Disease patients can be listed as followed:

Firstly, Kidney Stone and internal kidney calcification: When patients get a stronger pain, colic or gross Haematuria, they may have the possibility of suffering Kidney Stones.

Secondly, urinary tract infection: complications of Polycystic Kidney Disease include cystitis, nephropyelitis, cyst infection and abscess around kidney. If Leukocyte Cylindruria and rapid response to routine anti-inflammatory treatment happen among complications of PKD, it is beneficial to diagnose nephropyelitis. While positive hemoculture and local pressing pain mostly refer to cyst infection. Infectious cysts can be found through CT examination.

Thirdly, cyst cancerization: whether cysts can turn to caner or not is still disputed. If patients suffer from complications of PKD get pain on renal region or Haematuria change, and they have a losing weight and increasing blood deposit as well as anemia not equal to kidney function or globalism, patients should be cautious of complicated renal cancer. At this moment, patients should receive CT examination in time, and renoarteriography can be taken if necessary.

If cysts of PKD patients is located at low position of kidney and very close to ureter, complications of PKD patients can worsen hydronephros. And pressure caused by urine on renal pelvis can cause pain on back. Besides, this can lead to renal infection.


PKD patients should receive effective treatment actively in order to prevent complications happening. Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy has a good therapeutic effect on treating PKD. It avoids liver injury caused by gastrointestinal tract stimulation from oral medicine. During the process of Micro-Chinese Medicine treating OKD, Chinese Medicine can arrive at renal lesion directly and local high medicine concentration can play a more effective role in treating this disease. Through this method, cyst fluid can be recycled more quickly, which can reduce cyst size and cystic pressure on kidney as well as relieve renal injury. Besides, Micro-Chinese Medicine can protect remained healthy nephron and repair renal function gradually. Meanwhile, some Western Medicine can be taken to prevent inflammation, which can offer a beneficial environment for Chinese Medicine to play its function fully. What’s more, Micro-Chinese Medicine has no side effect with less recurrence.

What Is The Standard of PKD Diagnosis

What is the standard of PKD diagnosis? Here is a brief introduction of Adult PKD which refers to autosomal dominant inheritance PKD.

Ⅰ. Familial history.

Ⅱ. Clinical symptoms

Firstly, symptoms of urinary system: most patients do not have symptoms until they get around 40 years old. They can get pain on waist and back or renal colic. Symptoms of Haematuria, upper urinary tract infection and complicated Kidney Stone appear, or even symptoms of Chronic Renal Failure, like headache, nausea, vomiting as well as tiredness and weight loss can be found.

Secondly, symptoms of cardiovascular system: High Blood Pressure usually happens as one of the primary symptoms, complicated with left ventricular hypertrophy, mitral valve prolapse, aortic insufficiency as well as intracranial aneurysm and other diseases.

Thirdly, symptoms of digestive system: 30% to 40% PKD patients accompany with liver cyst and 10% PKD patients get pancreatic cyst. While about 5% patients may have spleen cyst at the same time.

Ⅲ. Body Check

Patients can be found unilateral or bilateral kidneys with nodular condition when touched. Pressing pain can be felt if there is a infection. 50% patients have increased waist size.

Ⅳ. Assistant Test.

Firstly, routine urine test: there is no abnormality in urine test in the early stage of PKD. Microscopic Haematuria can be found in middle and late stage of this disease,and some patients may get Albuminuria. White Blood Cells and pyocyte can be found if there is a complicated Stone or infection.

Secondly, test on urine osmotic pressure: even there is only a few cysts in early stage of pathological change, manifestation of renal concentrated function injury can be found, showing that this change in not related with renal structure damage only, it may be related with renal adverse reaction to anti-diuretic hormone. Under such circumstance, renal concentrated function declines before glomerular filtrating rate decrease.

Thirdly, serum creatinine is increasing with the loss of renal compensatory ability. Creatinine clearance rate is a sensitive index in this condition.
Fourthly, plain film of KUB shows enlarged kidney image with irregular shape.
Fifth, IVP shows deformation of renal pelvis and renal calices caused by cystic pressure. Renal pelvis and renal calices can be in a shape of spider. Renal calices is wide and plain with thin and stretched calices neck.

Sixth, through Type-B Ultrasonic examination, a larger amount of shadow area can be found in kidney region.


Seventh, through CT examination, bilateral kidneys enlargement can be found with thin cysts filled with cyst fluid.

How to Treat Complications of PKD Patients

With cysts growing, PKD patients can get a series of complications which can worsen illness condition further. For this reason, treating complications of PKD is especially important.

PKD is a kind of hereditary disease, with cysts with various sizes spreading the whole kidney. These cysts grow with age, which can compress healthy kidneys and damage renal structure, reducing nephron numbers that can secrete urine. With time going, kidney is so injured that it can not maintain human normal life, and then Uremia appear.

Main complications of PKD are High Blood Pressure, Haematuria, kidney enlargement and urinary tract infection. Waist pain and fever can be found if cysts are bleeding. Patients may get aching pain if Uronephrosis happen, and colic and Haematuria can be found if there is complicated Stone. If effective treatment can not be taken in time, with illness condition worsening, end stage PKD patients can only depend on Dialysis to maintain life.

The root cause of complications of PKD patients is growing cysts, so complications of PKD patients should be treated starting with shrinking cysts. Western Medicine can be taken to treat related symptoms, while Chinese Medicine should be taken to treat this disease from its root which means that inhibiting cysts growing tendency. Chinese Medicine can eliminate activities of cystic epithelial cells and prevent them secreting cyst fluid. Therefore, cysts can stay in this stage and stop growing.

However, we can not let existing cysts stay there forever. So proper medicine should be taken to increase permeability of cyst wall and recycle cyst fluid, excreting these fluids out of body with urine. This is treating cysts from its primary cause. After healing, this disease seldom relapses.


Inhibiting cysts growing and shrinking developed cysts can control this disease effectively. Complications of PKD patients can also be controlled effectively, because root cause—cysts, is removed.

Case Analysis of Polycystic Kidney Disease

Patient: Zhou Huadie
Gender: female
Age：54
Province: Henan Province
Main cause: patient got tiredness and pain on abdomen for 4 months.
Diagnosis: Polycystic Kidney Disease ,Chronic Renal Insufficiency Decompensatory Period

Hospitalization: April, 2008

Patient’s illness condition when she went to our hospital: high blood pressure, blood routine test shows normally, light acidosis, serum creatinine 445umol/L, BUN12.9mmol/L，routine urine test shows: PRO(+)BUN(+), Urine Protein Content: 0.29g/24h, bilateral abdomen swelling and painful sometimes.;Type-B Ultrasonic result: left kidney 19.0*7.3cm, right kidney 20.5*6cm.

Treatment: Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy was taken after patient hospitalized.

Re-examination result after patient received Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy: serum creatinine: 155umol/L，BUN11.2mmol/L，routine urine test: PRO(-)BUN(-), Urine Protein Content: 0.16g/24h, B ultrasound shows: left kidney 14.1*6.0cm, right kidney14.8*5.5 cm. Size of bilateral kidneys reduce obviously; patient is full of vitality, and abdominal pain seldom happens.


Expert Comment: Polycystic Kidney Disease is a kind of autosomal dominant hereditary disease. Either of parents suffer from PKD, each of their children may get this disease at a risk of 50% Generally, disease develops quickly after patients get to 40 years old. Main symptoms, like high Blood pressure, occult blood and protein in urine, abdominal pain, with masses or abdominal distention, appear. Patients with kidney damage can have a high serum creatinine. Patients who suffer from serious illness condition have symptoms of nausea, vomiting. If patients' illness condition can not be controlled well, it will develop into Uremia. Micro-Chinese Medicine can improve blood circulation, and absorb cyst fluid and excrete fluid out of body with urine, which can shrink cyst, relieve the cystic pressure on normal renal tissues and improve renal ability of excreting toxin. Then toxin in body can be decreased and patients can get rid of dialysis.