Relationship between Pathological Classification of Lupus Glomerularnephritis and Its Symptoms

Knowing the relationship between pathological classification of Lupus Glomerularnephritis and its symptoms is very helpful for the patients to know their disease condition very well. According to the standard formulated by International Institute of Kidney Disease and Renal Pathology Society, there are six pathological classification of Lupus Nephritis.

Class one: Minimal mesangial lupus glomerulonephritis (LGN)

Under light microscopy, the glomeruli are normal. Immunofluorescence result shows that deposition is found in the mesangial area.

Class two: Mesangial proliferative LGN

Glomerular mesangial cells proliferate diffusely and the mesangial matrix broadens to some extent.

Class three: Focal LGN

Focal LGN involves less than 50% of glomeruli lesion. The glomeruli have focal, segmental glomerular lesions.

Class four: Diffuse LGN

Diffuse LGN involves more than 50% of glomeruli lesion. The glomeruli have diffusive or segmental glomerular lesions.

Class five: Membranous

Glomeruli have diffusively thickening of glomerular basilar membrane with or without mesangial proliferation.

Class six: Advanced sclerotic LGN

More than 90% of glomeruli have sclerosis.

As pathological classification of Lupus Glomerularnephritis is closely related to its symptoms, it is possible to deduce the pathological classification according to its symptoms.

1. If the patients have mild or moderate proteinuria, they mainly belong to Class two or Class two LGN.

2. If the patients have mass of proteinuria and those with Nephrotic Syndrome, they mainly belong to Class four or Class five LGN.

3. For the patients with Nephrotic Syndrome, if they have active systemic lupus, obvious hematuria and even leukocyturia, renal damage and hypertension, the possibility of Class four LGN is great.

4. For the patients with Nephrotic Syndrome without renal damage or high blood pressure, if the systemic lupus is not obvious and also they do not have hematuria or it is not obvious, the possibility of Class five LGN is great.

5. If the patients have a long history of LGN and also have chronic renal insufficiency, especially bilateral renal atrophy, it belongs to Class six LGN.


The relationship between pathological classification of Lupus Glomerularnephriti and its symptoms is just considered as a reference. In order to know the specific classification of their disease, they should undergo renal biopsy.

What are Primary Membranous Nephropathy and Its Basic Treatment

Membranous Nephropathy, also named as Membranous Glomerulonephritis. It is characterized with the thickening of part of glomerular basement membrane, which includes Primary Membranous Nephropathy and Secondary Membranous Nephropathy.

Primary Membranous Nephropathy is found at any ages, but more common among adults. In 15%~20% of patients, asymptomatic proteinuria is their primary symptom and about 80% of them present as Nephrotic Syndrome and about 60% of them have mild microscopic hematuria, but nearly all patients do not have gross hematuria. Onset of Primary Membranous Nephropathy, their blood pressure is normal, but the high blood pressure will increase gradually with the disease progression. Edema is the main symptoms of Primary Membranous Nephropathy. In some cases, the patients only have mild edema in their lower limbs, but some patients have systemic edema and even hydrothorax and seeper in abdominal cavity. In the early stage, the patients’ renal function is normal. However, in some cases, the patients are accompanied with crecentic glomerulonephritis, their renal function may aggravate rapidly.

Primary Membranous Nephropathy is typically characterized with the formation of venous thrombosis, which can be found at any part of body, but renal venous thrombosis is more common. When the patients get acute renal venous thrombosis, the patients often have percussion pain, suddenly increased proteinuria, gross hematuria, leukocyturia and high blood pressure. If the patients have the formation of venous thrombosis in bilateral kidneys, it can cause declined urination and Acute Renal Failure. Moreover, the formation of venous thrombosis also can aggravate Nephrotic Syndrome and also have functional damage in renal tubular such as renal glycosuria, acidaminuria, renal tubular acidosis and so on.

If the patients with Primary Membranous Nephropathy have much protein loss in their urine, the patients should have more rest and avoid intense exercise. Moreover, they should avoid the high salt intake. If they have decreased urination, they should also limit their water intake. In addition, they should limit their protein intake within 1~1.5 grams/ kg per body weight and also need to increase the high quality protein intake. In addition, the patients should guarantee enough calorie intakes, which can decline the decomposing of protein. If the patients have obvious edema, but limiting salt intake is useless, they should use diuretic to alleviate the edema.


If the patients with Primary Membranous Nephropathy can receive early treatment in time, they will be able to prevent their renal function declining.

Why do Patients with Kidney Disease Suffer from Anemia

Anemia is a common symptom among patients with kidney disease. The incidence of developing anemia rises with the aggravation of kidney disease. According to some researches, anemia affects 28% of patients with mild kidney disease. However, the incidence of anemia among patients with serious anemia is as high as 87%.

As the patients’ renal function declines, the kidneys may mot produce enough erythropoietin that regulates red blood cells production in our body. Erythropoietin is a necessary requirement for bone marrow to produce red blood cells. After red blood cells are produced, they can carry hemoglobin that delivers oxygen to other body part. However, if our body can not get enough red blood cells, there will not be enough oxygen supplements to meet body’s need.

Moreover, the patients with kidney disease often have bleeding in digestive tract and so on, which can cause red blood cells loss. Also some patients often have vomit, nausea, poor appetite so the patients can not get enough raw materials of blood such as iron, vitamin. It is also an important factor in causing anemia.
Therefore, usually the patients with kidney disease have more than one reason for anemia.

The patients do not have obvious symptoms if anemia is mild or develops very slowly. With the anemia development, some symptoms will appear such as fatigue, trouble breathing, weakness, dizziness, pale skin, and headache and so on. If you have the above symptoms, you may be affected by anemia.


Some studies show that if the patients with kidney disease are accompanied with anemia, they have an increased risk of heart problems. If patients can receive effective treatment of anemia, it can decline the risk of heart disease to some extent.

Can You Stop Dialysis Once You Start

Can I stop dialysis once I start? All patients on dialysis must be concerned with this issues very much. Although dialysis is an important substitutive therapy for patients with Renal Failure, it can cause many side effects. Therefore, many patients hold a rejective attitude to dialysis. In fact, whether the patients can stop dialysis is up to what treatment and when they begin to adopt treatment.

As the patients’ renal function declines, a mass of uremic toxins will accumulate in their blood, which not only damage their renal function, but also affect other organs and even skin. Therefore, the patients have to recur to dialysis to clear the toxins. However, dialysis has no effects on the improvement of their renal function so the patients will lose their renal function gradually. Finally, kidney transplant is the only choice for them. The above has described the therapeutic process of patients with Renal Failure in the conventional therapies. However, if the patients can receive proper treatment in time, they will be able to decline the dialysis frequency and even stop it. The combined application of Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy and Immunotherapy bring much hope to patients with Renal Failure.

For patients on dialysis, most of their renal intrinsic cells are necrotic, some only are damaged. If the damaged cells are reversed, the patients’ renal function will improve to some degree. Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy can change renal ischemia and anoxia state thus improving blood circulation. Therefore, some urmic toxins will be discharged out of body through blood circulation. Moreover, Chinese medicines can provide much nutrient substance for the repairing the damaged cells. However, as most of the renal intrinsic cells are necrotic, even if the patients can recover the normal renal function of the damaged cells, it is not enough to maintain their renal function.

Then the patients should recur to the renewing ability of Immunotherapy. Immunotherapys are undifferentiated original cells so they can differentiate into the damaged cells to replace their role. Therefore, Immunotherapy can improve the patients’ renal function greatly. However, no matter how effective a therapy is, it always has its limitations. If all the renal intrinsic cells are necrotic, there is no blood flowing through kidneys. Therefore, Immunotherapy can not reach kidneys at all. In addition, as the patients’ internal environments are polluted by the urimic toxins seriously, in some cases, the environments are not suitable for Immunotherapy. Therefore, whether Immunotherapy can make patients get rid of dialysis, it all depends on their patients’ own disease condition.


Therefore, if the patients with Renal Failure receive proper treatment as early as possible, they are very likely to avoid dialysis.

How to Supply Nutrients for Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

For patients with Chronic Renal Failure, their body dissolves more protein than normal so their body stays in a negative nitrogen balanced state. Therefore, their resistance is weak and it is very easy for virus to invade into their bodies. Proper supplement of nutrients is very important for patients to improve their resistance.

1. Keep enough vitamin intake

Vitamins take part in the metabolic process. If the body can not get enough vitamin supplements, it will cause metabolic disorder. Therefore, the patients with Real Failure should eat more fruits and vegetable with high vitamins.

2. Keep proper high quality protein

Protein can provide essential amino acid for body. The patients should decline the portion of vegetable protein in the total protein intake for vegetable protein can produce more urea nitrogen thus aggravating to kidneys. Moreover, the patients should limit the total amount of protein intake. The non dialysis patients should keep their protein intake within 0.6~0.8 grams/ kg body weight per day. The patients on hemodialysis should keep their protein intake within 1grams/ kg per body weight and peritoneal dialysis patients keep 1.2 grams/kg per day. However, the patients should take examination regularly and make their diet plan on the results under their doctors’ guidance.

3. Regulate the sodium supplement

The patients with Renal Failure should keep balance between the sodium intake and excretion. However, if they have edema, the intake amount should be less than excretion.

4. Avoid eating high- phosphorus food

Patients with Renal Failure can not execrate phosphorus out of their bodies thus leading to hyperphosphatemia. If the phosphorus level in blood keeps going up persistently, it will stimulate the parathyroid to secrete more parathyroid hormone. As a result, the calcium in blood will increase thus causing renal bone diseases.


The above article just introduces the general principles for patients with Renal Failure. As the disease conditions vary with different patients, they should make their personalized diet plan under their doctors’ guidance.

Pathogenesis and Treatment of Membranous Nephropathy

Membranous Nephropathy is also named as Membranous Glomerularnephritis. It is an immunological disease characterized by the deposition of immune complex in epithelial cells and basilar membrane of glomeruli.
Infections are the main causes of infections such as colds. When a person is affected by infection, a mass of inflammatory mediator will be released. As a result, a huge amount of antigen-antibody immune complex will deposit in the epithelial cells and basilar membrane, which can damage the epithelial cells. Therefore, the epithelial cells will lose their normal barrier function so the protein will be leak into urine.
From the above description, it can be seen that Membranous Nephropathy is caused by two causes. One is autoimmunity deficiency, which is the fundamental cause of the disease. The other is the inducement of infection.
Knowing the fundamental causes of Membranous Nephropathy is the foundation of treating the disease. The patients need to experience the following four steps in treating Membranous Nephropathy.
1. Dilate blood vessels
The deposition of immune complex in the glomerular blood capillaries can lead to obstruction thus causing renal ischemia and anoxia. Dilating blood vessels can improve the blood circulation so as to provide a favorable environment for repairing the damaged renal intrinsic cells.
2. Anti-inflammation
After infection viruses invade into bodies, it can cause renal inflammatory reaction. Anti-inflammation can decrease the releasing o f inflammatory factors thus alleviating the further damage to the glomerular epithelial cells.
3. Anticoagulation
The increase inflammatory cells in blood will release a mass of inflammatory factors and blood coagulation factors. It can increase the viscosity of blood thus leading to the formation of microthrombus in the glomerular blood capillaries. Anticoagulation can improve the blood circulation thus benefit the repairing of the epithelial cells.
4. Degrading
The deposition of immune complex is the fundamental cause of Membranous Nephropathy. By degrading, the immune complex can be degraded and finally will be discharged out of body in urine.

If the patients can receive proper treatment based on its pathogenesis, they will be able to get a good therapeutic effect. If you are tormented by the annoying Membranous Nephropathy and want to know a personalized therapeutic schedule, you can email to kidney120@hotamil.com.

How to Prevent Diabetes from Developing into Diabetic Nephropathy

Diabetic Nephropathy is a serious complication of Diabetes. In those years, more and more new cases of Kidney Disease are caused by Diabetes. However, it can not be cured, but only can be managed. Therefore, it is very important for patients with Diabetes to take preventive measures in advance.

1. Early diagnosis

According to stages of Diabetic Nephropathy, if the patients can receive treatment in its first stage, their renal damage can be recovered completely. However, most of the patients with Diabetes do not know or do not attach any importance to the early diagnosis of Diabetic Nephropathy. Some patients do not receive treatment until their diseases develop into stage 4 or even stage 5. At that time, they have lost the best therapeutic time. Therefore, the patients with Diabetes should do a microalbumin test annually.

2. Control blood pressure level

If the patients with Diabetes are diagnosed with high blood pressure, they are more likely to have Diabetic Nephropathy. That is because high blood pressure adds more strain on the tiny blood vessels of the kidneys thus causing renal damage. Therefore, the patients should take antihypertensive medicines to control their blood pressure under their doctors’ guidance.

3. Control blood glucose level

High blood glucose can damage the kidneys, which is the primary cause of renal damage for patients with Diabetes. It can cause much damage to tiny blood vessels of kidneys. Therefore, the patients with Diabetes should check their blood glucose every day. For patients with type1 Diabetes, they should inject insulin regularly to control their blood glucose level. For patients with type 2 Diabetes, diet and exercise may be the primary treatment to low their blood glucose level.

4. Develop healthy habits

Once you have been diagnosed with Diabetes, you should quit smoking, drinking and some other harmful activities that can worsen your disease. In addition, exercise is also a habit for patients with Diabetes. However, before you start a exercise program, you should make a proper exercise plan under doctors’ guidance.


If the patients with Diabetes can receive early treatment and take effective measures to control their blood pressure and glucose level, they will be able to prevent Diabetes from causing renal damage.